What Is Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Why Do We Use It? As a professional water treatment chemical manufacturer, we have seen that polyacrylamide (PAM) is one of the most effective yet frequently misused flocculants in wastewater treatment. PAM works mainly through polymer bridging, connecting small flocs into larger and denser aggregates, improving sedimentation and sludge dewatering performance. However, more PAM does not mean better results. Side Effects of Excessive PAM Dosage 1️⃣ Floc Restabilization and Turbid Effluent When PAM dosage is too high: ● Polymer chains fully coat floc surfaces ● Bridging points are reduced ● Flocs break apart instead of settling 👉 This leads to poor settling and higher turbidity. 2️⃣ Poor Sludge Dewatering Performance In sludge dewatering systems: ● Overdosed PAM creates loose flocs ● Sludge cakes contain higher moisture ● Filter cloths and pipes clog more easily 👉 Operating costs increase instead of decreasing. 3️⃣ Higher Chemical Cost with No Efficiency Gain PAM is a high-value polymer: ● Excess dosage increases chemical consumption ● Does not improve treatment efficiency ● May negatively affect downstream filtration How to Properly Combine PAM with Other Chemicals? Coal & Sand Washing Wastewater Recommended combination: ● PAC or PFS ● Anionic PAM as flocculant aid Municipal Wastewater & Sludge Recommended combination: ● PAC or aluminum sulfate ● Cationic PAM for dewatering Food Processing & Livestock Wastewater Recommended combination: ● pH adjustment or demulsifier ● PAC + PAM ● Activated carbon if needed
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