How to ensure the effectiveness of polyferric sulfate in low winter temperatures
Polyferric sulfate (PFS), a commonly used flocculant in water treatment, works by adsorbing, bridging, and coagulating pollutants in water through polynuclear hydroxyl complexes generated during hydrolysis. Low temperatures in winter weaken its effectiveness in three ways: first, low temperatures slow down the PFS hydrolysis rate, resulting in insufficient hydroxyl complex formation and slow, loosely structured flocs; second, low temperatures reduce the activity of water molecules, weakening the Brownian motion of pollutant particles and decreasing the probability of collisions, which is detrimental to coagulation; and third, low temperatures may lead to incomplete dissolution of PFS, with undissolved particles not only failing to function but also potentially increasing water turbidity and even clogging equipment. Therefore, winter use requires targeted solutions to address the three major problems of slow hydrolysis, difficult coagulation, and poor dissolution.
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